e13
All the Credit Goes to God
Acts 6:2-7
In our previous study in the book of Acts, we discovered that a problem emerged in the church, revealing an even deeper problem.
… there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution. (6:1)
The first problem was that the Hellenist widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. We want to remember that this early church was sharing all things in common, to the extent even of sharing their homes with those who had none. And in some form or another, the early church was teaching and preaching every day.
But the deeper problem that showed up, is when we ask ‘Why?’ Why was it the Hellenist widows that are being neglected by the Hebrews? The answer is that there was a level of ‘elitism’ among the Hebrew speaking Christian Jews. Whether they would admit it or not, they were acting as though they were more important and in some way better than the Hellenists (The Greek speaking Jews)
So next in our study we will see how the apostles responded to the problem. And as far as we can tell, they did not address the second problem. And if they did begin to teach the people about our equality in Christ, they would have had to do it in order of priority.
‘First things first’ would mean, take care of the neglect issue first. And this is exactly what the apostles did.
Whether we need to look at some of the less obvious items here or not, I will briefly list a few.
We will note some things about the leadership structure and a little bit about church government.
It is obvious that the apostles are in charge. The Apostles were originally set into the church by Jesus Himself. Luke says so in Luke 6:13 And when it was day, He called His disciples to Himself; and from them He chose twelve whom He also named apostles:
And then we are reminded of this by Paul when he wrote; And God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that …1Corinthians 12:28a
A quick question we might have could be, ‘Should we still have the office of apostle in our churches today?’ I believe the answer is no. And I say that for three reasons.
First, when the 120 disciples, just before Pentecost and led by Peter, replaced Judas with Matthias, it was an action that was not instructed by God. As a matter of fact, they had been instructed to go to the upper room and simply wait for ‘power from on high’.
Secondly, the apostle Paul, who was not even a Christian during the time that Jesus was on earth, was miraculously called by Jesus, he was appointed to an apostolic ministry to the Gentiles. That ‘office’ was disputed by some of the Christian-Jewish leaders. No doubt they would point to the fact that they already had twelve, and there must not be a ‘thirteenth’. Paul was forced to go to great lengths to prove that he indeed was an apostle. He even used the argument that he was born too late.
Thirdly, Apostle John was given a vision of the future city, the New Jerusalem, descending from heaven. As John describes it, he says that the city had 12 foundations and upon them the names of the twelve apostles. There is no doubt at all that one of the names is NOT that of Judas. But who replaces Judas’ name? Was it Matthias or Paul? My belief is that Paul is the twelfth apostle.
These three reasons together lead me to believe that 12 was the intended number, and no others should be added to that list.
In the next verse we see the 12 address the problem.
2 Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples (can you imagine this task? How do you get 20,000 or more Christians to assemble in one place? They would not have ‘mailed’ them notices. Obviously they had no technology of any kind.
and said, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables.
3 “Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business;
4 “but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” Acts 6:1-4
We are getting the picture that 20 thousand plus believers had all things in common, likely were sharing their houses with those who had come from out of the country, and eating at least one meal together in some kind of a collective way. To me, it is illogical to think that the whole group could sit down to eat in one single location. I think that they must have had a minimum of twelve locations. And even at that it would mean a place large enough to hold 2 or 3 thousand people.
There is so much that is left only to imagination. We do know that the apostles were involved in waiting on tables. No doubt they had delegated much of the work to others, but they themselves had to oversee the whole operation, daily. It would seem that they were so busy that we could say that they were overworked.
Then, when someone brought it to their attention that the Hellenist widows were being overlooked … they realized that this job was too big … too much for them.
We notice that the ‘complaint’ was against the Hebrews. From that we gather that the apostles had only taken volunteer helpers from that group.
As we noted in the previous study, the ‘attitude’ problem between the Hebrews and Hellenists was not a racial problem. Both were Jews. It was actually more like what we would refer to as a ‘class distinction’. Most commonly we may have heard or used the terms, ‘upper’ and ‘lower’ class. That is more like what was going on. The Hebrews would be the ones thinking of themselves as the ‘Upper Class’.
It is interesting to see how these feelings can lie so buried in our minds, that even the gospel message does not make it apparent immediately. God’s word very clearly and emphatically points out that in Christ, as believers, there is no such thing as upper and lower class. We are all one. We were all equally dead in our tresspasses and sins. We all …equally were headed for destruction. We all, equally, did nothing to save ourselves. God saved us. And now we are still equal. None of us is more important to God than anyone else.
It will take a few more chapters in Acts before the apostles begin to clearly understand our equality in the family of God. But for now, the apostles recognize that it is wrong that the Hellenist widows are being overlooked at meal times. They move to correct the situation.
The twelve no doubt would be having a morning or evening meeting together to discuss the ‘shepherding’ of this huge flock of believers. With a ‘collective’ and unified voice they speak and say, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables.
They are telling the people of a problem that has been growing. The task of food distribution so that the people could be eating together daily, with the apostles overseeing it all … has grown to the point that they are not able to study the word and teach properly. They do not mention that the Hellenist widows are being overlooked. Perhaps if they had pointed that out, they would have to have dealt with the whole idea that the Hebrews had the attitude that they were superior to the others.
So they leave that out and talk about a very real problem that has been on their minds … their study and prayer time has been getting shorter and shorter.
The twelve obviously have talked and prayed about a solution. They said, 3 “Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business;
The ‘seven’ was their idea. We call them ‘The first deacons’. But the name deacon is not given to them here in Acts. But later in scripture we find two offices that are recommended for all churches, elders and deacons. And the qualifications for them are listed for each office.
I want to point out the selection process. Notice how the apostles give this over completely to the congregation. They are saying … Here is the problem. We have agreed upon a solution. You do the choosing. Bring the men to us. We will make the final decision to appoint them (or not)
I am merely pointing out what they did. I am not saying that this is how it must be done in our churches today. Remember that the book of Acts is an accurate history of development of the church. They had no past practice to fall back on. They had no clear guidelines or policy and procedures manual to look at. But this is what they did. And next we see what they believed their own priority to be. 4 “but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.”
Again … this is not the job description for church leaders today … unless we see this stated in the other New Testament ‘doctrine’ books. From what I see here, this is very good. Prayer and the ministry of the word would continue to provide good direction for the growing church.
What is missing, if anything, is a system of visitation for any disciples who joined up with them, and then kind of fell away. Maybe no one has fallen away at this point.
The apostles have addressed the entire assembly with the problem and the solution. And what was the response of the congregation? 5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude.
Whether this is important to note or not … what we have here is a congregational vote. Congregational government. The decision of the twelve to allow the congregation to vote on it seems to have involved risk and a step of faith. And the decision to give the whole ‘search’ for seven men over to the congregation seems also to be a step of faith on the apostles' part.
Here is what the congregation came up with; And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
In verses 5 and 6 we are given the names of those chosen by the congregation. And we are given the action of the twelve.
The ‘qualifications’ that the twelve had given to the congregation as a requirement for filling this office were:
-The selected people must be men.
-they must have a good reputation
- they must obviously be filled with and directed by the
Holy Spirit.
-they must be known for their wisdom.
So what do we know about the men who were picked? It is important to notice that they are not Hebrews. I think this was a very good thing. This would remove the class distinction. Favouritism should no longer be happening.
Furthermore, it is the congregation who did the choosing. That means, if something goes wrong with the food distribution, they cannot blame the leaders or the Hebrews.
And they chose
-Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit,
-Philip
-Prochorus
-Nicanor
-Timon
-Parmenas
--Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
There is something very remarkable about these seven men. They were chosen by the congregation, which I assume is mostly comprised of Hebrew speaking Jews. And yet every single one of the men are from the Hellenist group. How wise. This shows a very loving attitude from the congregation and a very apologetic response to the Hellenist widows for neglecting them in the first place.
What should really impress us is the quick response to fix a problem that could quickly grow into something that would hurt the ministry of the church…something that could hurt the testimony of the church …something that could stop the gospel message of bringing lost souls to salvation.
6 whom they set before the apostles; and when they had prayed, they laid hands on them.
The apostles prayed for these men as they entered a serving ministry. Their ministry was to oversee the fair, daily distribution of food to the whole church.
The apostles also ‘laid hands’ on the men. What is that about? There are several other references to the 'laying on of hands' in the Bible. The New Testament references would be of particular interest to us. I will mention only two of them.
Twice Paul brought this up to Timothy; once in his first letter and once in his second letter to Timothy.
In the first letter we read, Do not neglect the gift that is in you, which was given to you by prophecy with the laying on of the hands of the eldership. 1Ti 4:14
What Paul is saying to Timothy sounds as if an actual gift was transmitted from the elders to Timothy. And even though it sounds that this is the case, I am led to believe that God gave Timothy the gift, and the laying on of hands is a visible sign of endorsement by the elders. All others present at the time would have seen it as such. And each of the Elders understand that they are collectively giving their endorsement to young Timothy.
The word of counsel or advice that Paul is giving him is a strong word to him to hold up his end of it, the elders have recognized the gift and support Timothy in his future ministry. Paul is saying, "Do not let us down. You have the gift of pastoring, shepherding, and preaching. You need to remember that and go forward with the confidence that it is God who is working in and through you."
As Paul writes his second letter to Timothy, it would appear that Timothy needs another bit of a jolt. So he says, ¶ Therefore I remind you to stir up the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands. 2Ti 1:6
He is saying, 'Timothy you have the gift. Don't forget that. And don't forget that I stuck my neck out for you. I laid my hands on you. I endorsed you. So use the gift!'
The seven men have just recieved the endorsement of the twelve apostles. From that point onward, if someone were to dispute the choice of the seven men, they would need to take it up with the apostles.
After all this was done, what is the final outcome? Put very simply, the gospel message continued to bring the lost to salvation. We read, 7 Then the word of God spread, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, and a great many of the priests were obedient to the faith.
As an added bonus, Luke tells us that, not a few, but a great number of the Jewish priests came to believe in Jesus.
I think this is remarkable. Here we see the power of the gospel, totally leveling the playing field, so to speak. If we remember that the Hebrews normally thought of themselves to be of a higher rank than the Hellenists, the Priests normally thought of themselves higher than anyone. These would have been the same priests in Jerusalem that had spoken evil of Jesus while He was with them. But now they come humbly, having to bow down at the foot of the cross. The wonderful gospel of Jesus reaches right across all of the shades of humanity and unites us into one body.
But what is even more remarkable is what God has done here. The resulting growth in ministry is directly tied to the body of Christ working together. There is no one member more important than another. The seven men chosen to oversee the ‘table-food’ ministry, (Deacons), resulted in removing a bottleneck to ministry. The apostles clearly said that as long as they had to oversee the food ministry, the teaching of the word and the evangelism of the lost suffered.
So to whom do we attribute the increase in the outreach to the unsaved? The apostles did the preaching, but without the deacons taking charge of the food ministry, the results would not have been nearly that impressive … so that even a large group of priests trusted in Christ. So do we attribute the growth in the gospel outreach to the deacons?
I think we all know the answer. The wisdom that resulted in choosing seven faithful, spirit filled, wise men came from God. God gets all the credit.
But notice that God did not intervene directly. The problem was a real one. When it was brought to the attention of the leaders, they recognized it for what it was, prayed about … God gave wisdom … and through that came a solution that resulted in many coming to Christ.
Problems won’t go away. Sometimes our leaders are not even aware of the problem. Leaders must be open to welcoming people to come forward with what is perceived as a problem. People need to know that they are welcomed to approach the leaders with problems. And the leaders and the people must always remember to give God the credit for His freely accessible gift of wisdom.
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him. James 1:5
… there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution. (6:1)
The first problem was that the Hellenist widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. We want to remember that this early church was sharing all things in common, to the extent even of sharing their homes with those who had none. And in some form or another, the early church was teaching and preaching every day.
But the deeper problem that showed up, is when we ask ‘Why?’ Why was it the Hellenist widows that are being neglected by the Hebrews? The answer is that there was a level of ‘elitism’ among the Hebrew speaking Christian Jews. Whether they would admit it or not, they were acting as though they were more important and in some way better than the Hellenists (The Greek speaking Jews)
So next in our study we will see how the apostles responded to the problem. And as far as we can tell, they did not address the second problem. And if they did begin to teach the people about our equality in Christ, they would have had to do it in order of priority.
‘First things first’ would mean, take care of the neglect issue first. And this is exactly what the apostles did.
Whether we need to look at some of the less obvious items here or not, I will briefly list a few.
We will note some things about the leadership structure and a little bit about church government.
It is obvious that the apostles are in charge. The Apostles were originally set into the church by Jesus Himself. Luke says so in Luke 6:13 And when it was day, He called His disciples to Himself; and from them He chose twelve whom He also named apostles:
And then we are reminded of this by Paul when he wrote; And God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that …1Corinthians 12:28a
A quick question we might have could be, ‘Should we still have the office of apostle in our churches today?’ I believe the answer is no. And I say that for three reasons.
First, when the 120 disciples, just before Pentecost and led by Peter, replaced Judas with Matthias, it was an action that was not instructed by God. As a matter of fact, they had been instructed to go to the upper room and simply wait for ‘power from on high’.
Secondly, the apostle Paul, who was not even a Christian during the time that Jesus was on earth, was miraculously called by Jesus, he was appointed to an apostolic ministry to the Gentiles. That ‘office’ was disputed by some of the Christian-Jewish leaders. No doubt they would point to the fact that they already had twelve, and there must not be a ‘thirteenth’. Paul was forced to go to great lengths to prove that he indeed was an apostle. He even used the argument that he was born too late.
Thirdly, Apostle John was given a vision of the future city, the New Jerusalem, descending from heaven. As John describes it, he says that the city had 12 foundations and upon them the names of the twelve apostles. There is no doubt at all that one of the names is NOT that of Judas. But who replaces Judas’ name? Was it Matthias or Paul? My belief is that Paul is the twelfth apostle.
These three reasons together lead me to believe that 12 was the intended number, and no others should be added to that list.
In the next verse we see the 12 address the problem.
2 Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples (can you imagine this task? How do you get 20,000 or more Christians to assemble in one place? They would not have ‘mailed’ them notices. Obviously they had no technology of any kind.
and said, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables.
3 “Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business;
4 “but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” Acts 6:1-4
We are getting the picture that 20 thousand plus believers had all things in common, likely were sharing their houses with those who had come from out of the country, and eating at least one meal together in some kind of a collective way. To me, it is illogical to think that the whole group could sit down to eat in one single location. I think that they must have had a minimum of twelve locations. And even at that it would mean a place large enough to hold 2 or 3 thousand people.
There is so much that is left only to imagination. We do know that the apostles were involved in waiting on tables. No doubt they had delegated much of the work to others, but they themselves had to oversee the whole operation, daily. It would seem that they were so busy that we could say that they were overworked.
Then, when someone brought it to their attention that the Hellenist widows were being overlooked … they realized that this job was too big … too much for them.
We notice that the ‘complaint’ was against the Hebrews. From that we gather that the apostles had only taken volunteer helpers from that group.
As we noted in the previous study, the ‘attitude’ problem between the Hebrews and Hellenists was not a racial problem. Both were Jews. It was actually more like what we would refer to as a ‘class distinction’. Most commonly we may have heard or used the terms, ‘upper’ and ‘lower’ class. That is more like what was going on. The Hebrews would be the ones thinking of themselves as the ‘Upper Class’.
It is interesting to see how these feelings can lie so buried in our minds, that even the gospel message does not make it apparent immediately. God’s word very clearly and emphatically points out that in Christ, as believers, there is no such thing as upper and lower class. We are all one. We were all equally dead in our tresspasses and sins. We all …equally were headed for destruction. We all, equally, did nothing to save ourselves. God saved us. And now we are still equal. None of us is more important to God than anyone else.
It will take a few more chapters in Acts before the apostles begin to clearly understand our equality in the family of God. But for now, the apostles recognize that it is wrong that the Hellenist widows are being overlooked at meal times. They move to correct the situation.
The twelve no doubt would be having a morning or evening meeting together to discuss the ‘shepherding’ of this huge flock of believers. With a ‘collective’ and unified voice they speak and say, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables.
They are telling the people of a problem that has been growing. The task of food distribution so that the people could be eating together daily, with the apostles overseeing it all … has grown to the point that they are not able to study the word and teach properly. They do not mention that the Hellenist widows are being overlooked. Perhaps if they had pointed that out, they would have to have dealt with the whole idea that the Hebrews had the attitude that they were superior to the others.
So they leave that out and talk about a very real problem that has been on their minds … their study and prayer time has been getting shorter and shorter.
The twelve obviously have talked and prayed about a solution. They said, 3 “Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business;
The ‘seven’ was their idea. We call them ‘The first deacons’. But the name deacon is not given to them here in Acts. But later in scripture we find two offices that are recommended for all churches, elders and deacons. And the qualifications for them are listed for each office.
I want to point out the selection process. Notice how the apostles give this over completely to the congregation. They are saying … Here is the problem. We have agreed upon a solution. You do the choosing. Bring the men to us. We will make the final decision to appoint them (or not)
I am merely pointing out what they did. I am not saying that this is how it must be done in our churches today. Remember that the book of Acts is an accurate history of development of the church. They had no past practice to fall back on. They had no clear guidelines or policy and procedures manual to look at. But this is what they did. And next we see what they believed their own priority to be. 4 “but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.”
Again … this is not the job description for church leaders today … unless we see this stated in the other New Testament ‘doctrine’ books. From what I see here, this is very good. Prayer and the ministry of the word would continue to provide good direction for the growing church.
What is missing, if anything, is a system of visitation for any disciples who joined up with them, and then kind of fell away. Maybe no one has fallen away at this point.
The apostles have addressed the entire assembly with the problem and the solution. And what was the response of the congregation? 5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude.
Whether this is important to note or not … what we have here is a congregational vote. Congregational government. The decision of the twelve to allow the congregation to vote on it seems to have involved risk and a step of faith. And the decision to give the whole ‘search’ for seven men over to the congregation seems also to be a step of faith on the apostles' part.
Here is what the congregation came up with; And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
In verses 5 and 6 we are given the names of those chosen by the congregation. And we are given the action of the twelve.
The ‘qualifications’ that the twelve had given to the congregation as a requirement for filling this office were:
-The selected people must be men.
-they must have a good reputation
- they must obviously be filled with and directed by the
Holy Spirit.
-they must be known for their wisdom.
So what do we know about the men who were picked? It is important to notice that they are not Hebrews. I think this was a very good thing. This would remove the class distinction. Favouritism should no longer be happening.
Furthermore, it is the congregation who did the choosing. That means, if something goes wrong with the food distribution, they cannot blame the leaders or the Hebrews.
And they chose
-Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit,
-Philip
-Prochorus
-Nicanor
-Timon
-Parmenas
--Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
There is something very remarkable about these seven men. They were chosen by the congregation, which I assume is mostly comprised of Hebrew speaking Jews. And yet every single one of the men are from the Hellenist group. How wise. This shows a very loving attitude from the congregation and a very apologetic response to the Hellenist widows for neglecting them in the first place.
What should really impress us is the quick response to fix a problem that could quickly grow into something that would hurt the ministry of the church…something that could hurt the testimony of the church …something that could stop the gospel message of bringing lost souls to salvation.
6 whom they set before the apostles; and when they had prayed, they laid hands on them.
The apostles prayed for these men as they entered a serving ministry. Their ministry was to oversee the fair, daily distribution of food to the whole church.
The apostles also ‘laid hands’ on the men. What is that about? There are several other references to the 'laying on of hands' in the Bible. The New Testament references would be of particular interest to us. I will mention only two of them.
Twice Paul brought this up to Timothy; once in his first letter and once in his second letter to Timothy.
In the first letter we read, Do not neglect the gift that is in you, which was given to you by prophecy with the laying on of the hands of the eldership. 1Ti 4:14
What Paul is saying to Timothy sounds as if an actual gift was transmitted from the elders to Timothy. And even though it sounds that this is the case, I am led to believe that God gave Timothy the gift, and the laying on of hands is a visible sign of endorsement by the elders. All others present at the time would have seen it as such. And each of the Elders understand that they are collectively giving their endorsement to young Timothy.
The word of counsel or advice that Paul is giving him is a strong word to him to hold up his end of it, the elders have recognized the gift and support Timothy in his future ministry. Paul is saying, "Do not let us down. You have the gift of pastoring, shepherding, and preaching. You need to remember that and go forward with the confidence that it is God who is working in and through you."
As Paul writes his second letter to Timothy, it would appear that Timothy needs another bit of a jolt. So he says, ¶ Therefore I remind you to stir up the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands. 2Ti 1:6
He is saying, 'Timothy you have the gift. Don't forget that. And don't forget that I stuck my neck out for you. I laid my hands on you. I endorsed you. So use the gift!'
The seven men have just recieved the endorsement of the twelve apostles. From that point onward, if someone were to dispute the choice of the seven men, they would need to take it up with the apostles.
After all this was done, what is the final outcome? Put very simply, the gospel message continued to bring the lost to salvation. We read, 7 Then the word of God spread, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, and a great many of the priests were obedient to the faith.
As an added bonus, Luke tells us that, not a few, but a great number of the Jewish priests came to believe in Jesus.
I think this is remarkable. Here we see the power of the gospel, totally leveling the playing field, so to speak. If we remember that the Hebrews normally thought of themselves to be of a higher rank than the Hellenists, the Priests normally thought of themselves higher than anyone. These would have been the same priests in Jerusalem that had spoken evil of Jesus while He was with them. But now they come humbly, having to bow down at the foot of the cross. The wonderful gospel of Jesus reaches right across all of the shades of humanity and unites us into one body.
But what is even more remarkable is what God has done here. The resulting growth in ministry is directly tied to the body of Christ working together. There is no one member more important than another. The seven men chosen to oversee the ‘table-food’ ministry, (Deacons), resulted in removing a bottleneck to ministry. The apostles clearly said that as long as they had to oversee the food ministry, the teaching of the word and the evangelism of the lost suffered.
So to whom do we attribute the increase in the outreach to the unsaved? The apostles did the preaching, but without the deacons taking charge of the food ministry, the results would not have been nearly that impressive … so that even a large group of priests trusted in Christ. So do we attribute the growth in the gospel outreach to the deacons?
I think we all know the answer. The wisdom that resulted in choosing seven faithful, spirit filled, wise men came from God. God gets all the credit.
But notice that God did not intervene directly. The problem was a real one. When it was brought to the attention of the leaders, they recognized it for what it was, prayed about … God gave wisdom … and through that came a solution that resulted in many coming to Christ.
Problems won’t go away. Sometimes our leaders are not even aware of the problem. Leaders must be open to welcoming people to come forward with what is perceived as a problem. People need to know that they are welcomed to approach the leaders with problems. And the leaders and the people must always remember to give God the credit for His freely accessible gift of wisdom.
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him. James 1:5